ROS in Plant Cell: a Review

Oxidative stress is induced by a wide range of environmental factors including UV, Pathogen, Herbicide action and Oxygen shortage. Oxygen deprivation stress in plant cell is distinguished by the three physiologically different states: transient hypoxia, anoxia and reoxygenation. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is characteristic for hypoxia and especially for reoxygenation. Of the ROS, Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide are both produced in a number of cellular reactions and by various enzymes such as Lipoxygenases, Peroxidases, NADPH Oxidase and Xanthine Oxidases. Such aspects as compartmentalization of ROS formation and antioxidant localization, synthesis and transport of antioxidant, the ability to induced the antioxidant defense and cooperation between different antioxidant systems are the determinants of the competence of the antioxidant system.