In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Aromatic Aerobic Biotransformation Products in Bluegill Sunfish BF-2 Cells

Toluene (methylbenzene) is a common environmental pollutant that is found in many hazardous waste sites and it is an aquifer contaminant. A concern is the potential risk to human and ecosystem health due to exposure to toluene and its major biotransformation products. The cytotoxicity of eight aromatic products of toluene aerobic biotransformation was investigated in bluegill sunfish BF-2 cells. The cytotoxicity was determined using several in vitro assay endpoints. BF-2 cells were propagated at 32°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2–95% air. The concentrations of these products causing 50% inhibition in cell replication, protein content, uptake of natural red, and colony formation were evaluated and compared. The results of the study indicate a direct relationship between the exposure concentration of these products and observed cytotoxic effects. In descending order of cytotoxicity, the compounds were 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, catechol, o-cresol, p-cresol, m-cresol, benzaldehyde, and methyl benzoate.