Fish assemblages on fringe coral reefs of the northern coast of Cuba near Havana Harbor

It is difficult to separate effects on fish community assemblages due to anthropogenic stressors from natural factors. We examined small-bodied-fish communities along the northern coast of Cuba near Havana Harbor during the dry (February/March of 2000) and wet (June 2000) seasons. Over 35,000 individual fish were visually counted at 15 sites along the coast in three areas located 0–2.4, 2.4–6.1, and 6.1–10.3 km from the entrance to Havana Harbor. Fish communities in four substrate biotopes did not vary significantly between wet and dry seasons, but did vary with water depth. Proximity to Havana Harbor was the second most important factor affecting fish assemblages, and sites closest to the harbor had reduced populations of the bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) and an increased abundance of slippery dick (Halichoeres bivittatus). More studies are required at the population and individual levels to link stressors (e.g., contaminants, siltation) directly to observed effects.