Responses of plasma fibronectin to the changes of dietary protein levels in rats

In this study, the plasma fibronectin was evaluated as a nutritional marker in protein- and protein-energy malnourished rats in comparison with plasma prealbumin, albumin, and total protein. The plasma fibronectin was determined by nephelometric assay based on the interaction of an antigen and antibody. The rats were subjected to three diets, containing 20, 5, and 0% casein, respectively, for 5 wk except in the last 2 wk, the rats on the 0% casein diet were re-fed on a 20% casein diet. The results showed that in the rats on a 5% casein diet (protein malnourished), the plasma fibronectin concentration rose significantly in the early stage and normalized thereafter. In the rats subjected to a 0% casein diet (protein-energy malnourished), the plasma fibronectin concentration did not decline quickly in response to protein depletion, compared with the plasma prealbumin, albumin, and total protein concentrations. Following the re-feeding of a 20% casein diet in the last 2 wk, the plasma fibronectin concentration was restored earlier than other plasma protein concentrations: No significant change in plasma fibronectin concentration was found in the rats receiving a 20% casein diet (control) over the 5 wk feeding period. It is concluded that plasma fibronectin may not be a suitable marker for protein or protein-energy malnutrition, though it is a sensitive index for nutritional rehabilitation.