Bioassay-directed chemical analysis of genotoxic components in urban airborne particulate matter from Barcelona (Spain)

Organic extracts of airborne particulate matter, collected in the city of Barcelona, were subjected to three-level, bioassay-directed, chemical fractionation, including gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and normal-phase (NP) and reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography (LC). The chemical characterization, directed by the Salmonella microsome mutagenicity assay (TA98, TA98NR and TA98/1,8DNP6+/-S9), was carried out by capillary GC (CGC) coupled to selective detection systems, and by GC-MS techniques. The results obtained with the nitroreductase deficient strains show the important contribution of nitroaromatic compounds. Detailed chemical analysis of the mutagenic fractions led to the identification of 82 aromatic compounds and revealed the large contribution of chemical classes that are more polar than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as aromatic ketones, quinones and aldehydes.