Copper activity in soil solutions of calcareous soils

Copper partitioning was studied in seven calcareous soils at moisture content corresponding to 1.2 times the field moisture content (soil water potential 7.84 J kg−1). Copper retention was accompanied by the release in soil solution of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and H+, and the total amount of these cations released was 0.8 to 1.09 times the amount of Cu sorbed (molc:molc). The relationships between Cu activity and pH, and the balance of cations in soils correspond with the surface precipitation of CuCO3 as the main mechanism of Cu retention. The values of ion activity product of surface precipitate were close for all studied soils with the average log(IAPCuCO3) = −15.51. The relationship between copper activity in soil solutions and soil properties is well fit by a regression relating pCu (−log copper ion activity) with soil pH, total Cu, and carbonate content.