Partitioning of aromatic and oxygenated constituents into water from regular and ethanol-blended gasolines

Variability in gasoline–water partitioning of major aromatic constituents (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX)) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were examined for regular and ethanol-blended gasolines. By use of a two-phase liquid–liquid equilibrium model, the distribution of nonpolar solutes between fuel phase and water was related to principles of equilibrium. The models derived using Raoultʹs law convention for activity coefficients and liquid solubility is presented. The observed inverse log–log linear dependence of Kfw values on aqueous solubility, could be well predicted by assuming gasoline to be an ideal solvent mixture. Oxygenated additives (i.e., ethanol and MTBE), in the low percent range (below 5%), were shown to have minimal or negligible cosolvent effects on hydrocarbon partitioning. In the case of high fuel-to-water ratio (e.g., 1:1) or near contaminant source zone, the cosolvent effect of oxygenated gasoline with high content of ethanol (e.g., E85) will be environmentally significant.