Inter-institutional relations in the governance of Englandʹs national parks: A governmentality perspective

Using Foucaultʹs governmentality approach this paper analyses recent developments in power relations between different levels of government. Taking as its empirical focus the relationship between Englandʹs National Park Authorities (NPAs) and the UK government, the paper argues that there are two competing imperatives at work in the governance of Englandʹs national parks: a political imperative to devolve competencies to the regional level to allow for policy differentiation and an administrative imperative to manage and control the public policy process to ensure the achievement of national policy objectives in rural areas. Both imperatives shape the conduct of individual NPAs but to date the managerial tendencies of central government have been more influential in the changing governance of Englandʹs national parks.