Newly characterized products and composition of secondary aerosols from the reaction of α-pinene with ozone

Secondary aerosols from the reaction of α-pinene with ozone were generated in a 190 m3 outdoor Teflon chamber, and products of these aerosols were characterized. Products were separated by gas chromatography and detected with electron-impact mass spectrometry, chemical-impact mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Because products from the reaction of α-pinene with ozone contain oxidized functional groups such as carboxylic acids and carbonyls, these products are poorly resolved by standard gas chromatography. To use standard chromatographic techniques, derivatization of oxidized functional groups was necessary. Carbonyl products were derivatized with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride and carboxylic acids with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. The major identified products were nor-pinonic acid, pinonic acid, 2,2-dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, pinic acid, and pinonaldehyde. Dicarboxylic acids have lower vapor pressures than either their corresponding di-aldehydes or mono-acids, and have only recently been identified in α-pinene–ozone aerosols. Given their comparatively low vapor pressures, diacids contribute significantly to the aerosol formation process from the reaction of α-pinene with ozone. The composition of these secondary aerosols is strongly influenced by temperature. During the summer experiments, the aerosol composition is dominated by diacids. During the cooler winter experiments, the di-carbonyl and carbonyl-acid products also contributed to the aerosol composition