Inactivation of selected picornaviruses by high hydrostatic pressure

The potential of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) to inactivate Aichi virus (AiV), human parechovirus-1 (HPeV-1), and the coxsackievirus strains A9 and B5 was investigated. For coxsackievirus A9 (CAV9), a 5-min HPP treatment in minimum essential growth medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine sera (FBS) resulted in 3.4-, 6.5-, and 7.6-log10 tissue culture infectious dose (50%) (TCID50) reductions at 400, 500, and 600 megaPascals (MPa), respectively. For HPeV-1, a 5-min treatment in MEM with 10% FBS resulted in reductions of 1.3-, 4.3-, and 4.6-log10 TCID50 at 400, 500, and 600 MPa, respectively; however, AiV and coxsackievirus B5 (CBV5) in MEM supplemented with 2 and 10% FBS, respectively, remained fully infectious after a 5-min treatment at 600 MPa. These data establish that different picornaviruses have widely variable pressure inactivation thresholds in response to HPP.