Actions and interactions of ethanol and imipramine on the rat sinus node

We studied the actions and interactions of ethanol and imipramine on the sinus node. Strips of the right rat atrium including the sinus node were superfused with Tyrodeʹs solution at 37°C while beating spontaneously. The preparations were exposed to imipramine or ethanol alone as well as to the two drugs in combination while recording membrane potentials with standard intracellular microelectrodes. The results obtained show that ethanol 0.8 and 2.4 g/l exerted a positive chronotropic action. On the other hand, imipramine 0.25 mg/l did not modify the sinus node rate. However, it reduced significantly the positive chronotropic action of ethanol. The sinus node rate decreased under the action of a higher concentration of imipramine (1 mg/l). When ethanol was tested in combination with this concentration of imipramine, the effect of the latter prevailed. In conclusion, a concentration of imipramine that did not affect the sinus node rate antagonized the positive chronotropic action of ethanol. In addition, the negative chronotropic action of a higher concentration of imipramine prevailed over the positive action of ethanol. The results obtained provide additional support to the notion that the use of ethanol and cardioactive drugs in combination may result in significant changes in the actions of either of the two, or both. This is of clinical relevance, since at least some of the individuals under treatment with cardioactive drugs will be alcoholics and/or social drinkers.