Laser fabrication and characterization of sub-millimeter joints between polyimide and Ti-coated borosilicate glass

Laser-fabricated joints of sub-millimeter widths between biocompatible, dissimilar materials have the potential for application as encapsulation of miniature implantable biomedical devices. In this work, we briefly describe the laser joining method of a very promising system, polyimide/titanium-coated borosilicate glass, and present results from characterization of such laser joints by means of mechanical failure (tensile) tests, optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Our results suggest that the formation of the joints is a result of the creation of strong chemical bonds between Ti-containing species and certain polymeric functional groups. Mechanical tensile strength failure testing showed that such joints experience some degradation as a result of soaking in physiological solutions. This degradation is limited and, even after relatively long-term exposure the joints retain considerable strength. C 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.