Evolutionary generation of 3-D line-segment circuits with a broadside-coupled multiconductor transmission-line model

Evolutionary generation of three-dimensional microwave line-segment circuits embedded in a multilayer structure is presented. Connections of the line segments and their lengths are expressed by sets of parameters, which are evolutionarily optimized by the genetic algorithms. Practical optimization time is achieved by introducing models of broadside-coupled multiconductor transmission lines instead of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) calculations. The scattering parameters of the models are connected with the scattering parameters of vias, and are synthesized into that of the whole circuit. Using line segments, we can obtain not only small components for limited-space applications, but also large components for wide-band frequency specifications without increasing computational complexity. Two bandpass filters and a bandstop filter were designed and tested by an EM simulator. The bandpass filters were also fabricated and measured. The results validated our proposing procedure.