Time series analysis of leg movements during freezing of gait in Parkinsonʹs disease: akinesia, rhyme or reason?

We quantitatively characterized the fluctuations in the forces under the feet during freezing of gait (FOG) in 11 patients with advanced Parkinsonʹs disease. FOG, a leading cause of falls and impaired functional independence, is a poorly understood debilitating phenomenon that is common among persons with advanced Parkinsonʹs disease. During freezing, the feet are “glued” to the ground and the subject is unable to move forward despite effort in what has been described as an absence of movement. Using time series and fractal analysis methods, we found that FOG is not a frozen akinetic state, nor is freezing random, uncorrelated attempts at overcoming motor blockade. Instead, the forces under the feet oscillate in a fairly organized pattern. However, in contrast to walking and resting leg tremor, the spectrum was broadband and more complex. This complex movement pattern may reflect the activation of multiple networks during FOG.