Novelty in complex adaptive systems (CAS) dynamics: a computational theory of actor innovation

This paper develops the formal foundations for the famous phase transition that physicists call `life at the edge of chaosʹ, the domain on which novelty or innovation emerges. For this the computational approach first introduced to game theory by Kenneth Binmore is used with players modelled as Turing Machines. The 1931 Gödel logic involving the Liar defines the pure logic of opposition. Only agents qua universal Turing Machines that can make self-referential calculation of hostile behavior can bring about adaptive novelty or strategic innovation.