Improved perturbation method and its application to the IIB matrix model Original Research Article

We present a new scheme for extracting approximate values in “the improved perturbation method”, which is a sort of resummation technique capable of evaluating a series outside the radius of convergence. We employ the distribution profile of the series that is weighted by nth-order derivatives with respect to the artificially introduced parameters. By those weightings the distribution becomes more sensitive to the “plateau” structure in which the consistency condition of the method is satisfied. The scheme works effectively even in such cases that the system involves many parameters. We also propose that this scheme has to be applied to each observable separately and be analyzed comprehensively. We apply this scheme to the analysis of the IIB matrix model by the improved perturbation method obtained up to eighth order of perturbation in the former works. We consider here the possibility of spontaneous breakdown of Lorentz symmetry, and evaluate the free energy and the anisotropy of space–time extent. In the present analysis, we find an image-symmetric vacuum besides the image- and image-symmetric vacua that have been observed. It is also found that there are two distinct image-symmetric vacua that have almost the same value of free energy but the extent of space–time is different. From the approximate values of free energy, we conclude that the image-symmetric vacua are most preferred among those three types of vacua.