Topologically massive abelian gauge theory from BFT Hamiltonian embedding of a first-order theory Original Research Article

We start with a new first-order gauge non-invariant formulation of massive spin-1 theory and map it to a reducible gauge theory, viz. abelian B∧F theory by the Hamiltonian embedding procedure of Batalin, Fradkin and Tyutin (BFT). This equivalence is shown from the equations of motion of the embedded Hamiltonian. We also demonstrate that the original gauge non-invariant model and the topologically massive gauge theory can both be obtained by a suitable choice of gauges, from the phase space partition function of the embedded Hamiltonian, proving their equivalence. A comparison of the first-order formulation with the other known massive spin-1 theories is also discussed.