On application of differential geometry to computational mechanics Original Research Article

evelopments in the fields of computational science—the finite element method—and mathematical foundations of continuum mechanics result in many new algorithms which give solutions to very complicated, complex, large scaled engineering problems. Recently, the differential geometry, a modern tool of mathematics, has been used more widely in the domain of the finite element method. Its advantage in defining geometry of elements [13–15] or modeling mechanical features of engineering problems under consideration [4–7] is its global character which includes also insight into a local behavior. This fact comes from the nature of a manifold and its bundle structure, which is the main element of the differential geometry. Manifolds are generalized spaces, topological spaces. By attaching a fiber structure to each base point of a manifold, it locally resembles the usual real vector spaces; e.g. R3. The properties of a differential manifold M are independent of a chosen coordinate system. It is equivalent to say, that there exists smooth or Cr differentiable atlases which are compatible. In this paper a short survey of applications of differential geometry to engineering problems in the domain of the finite element method is presented together with a few new ideas. The properties of geodesic curves have been used by Yuan et al. [13–15], in defining distortion measures and inverse mappings for isoparametric quadrilateral hybrid stress four- and eight-node elements in R2. The notion of plane or space curves is one of the elementary ones in the theory of differential geometry, because the concept of a manifold comes from the generalization of a curve or a surface in R3. Further, the real global nature of differential geometry, has been used by Simo et al. [4,6,7]. A geometrically exact beam finite strain formulation is defined. The mechanical basis of such a nonlinear model can be found in the mathematical foundation of elasticity [18]. An abstract infinite dimensional manifold of mappings, a configuration space, is constructed which permits an exact linearization of algorithms, locally. A similar approach is used by Pacoste [5] for beam elements in instability problems. Special attention is focused on quadrilateral hybrid stress membrane elements with curved boundaries which belong to a series of isoparametric elements developed by Yuan et al. [14]. The distortion measures are redefined for eight-node isoparametric elements in R2 for which geodesic coordinates are used as local coordinates.