Dust–ion–acoustic solitons and shocks in dusty plasmas

Propagation of nonlinear dust–ion–acoustic waves (DIAWs) has been investigated considering the effects of charge fluctuation dynamics of stationary dust particles, transverse perturbations, ion streaming velocity and ions to electrons temperature ratio. By using the reductive perturbation theory, Kadomtsev–Petviashivili–Burgers (KPB) equation is derived. It is found that both solitons or shocks may appear in the system depending on the anomalous dissipation from dust particles charging process, whereas transverse perturbations, ion streaming velocity and ions to electrons temperature ratio are responsible for the stability of the solitons.