Selection in a Subdivided Population With Dominance or Local Frequency Dependence

The interplay between population structure and natural selection is an area of great interest. It is known that certain types of population subdivision do not alter fixation probabilities of selected alleles under genic, frequency-independent selection. In the presence of dominance for fitness or frequency-dependent selection these same types of subdivision can have large effects on fixation probabilities. For example, the barrier to fixation of a fitter allele due to underdominance is reduced by subdivision. Analytic results presented here relate a subdivided population that conforms to a finite island model to an approximately equivalent panmictic population. The size of this equivalent population is different from (larger than) the actual size of the subdivided population. Selection parameters are also different in the hypothetical equivalent population. As expected, the degree of dominance is lower in the equivalent population. The results are not limited to dominance but cover any form of polynomial frequency dependence.