Analysis of the variable length nonzero window method for exponentiation

The variable length nonzero window method is a way of computing exponentiation and modular exponentiation. This method has been analyzed, but there is a substantial difference between the analysis and experimental results. The difference results from some logical errors in the analysis. We analyze the variable length nonzero window method by modeling it as a Markov chain. We consider all details and our analysis predicts the behavior of the variable length nonzero window method exactly.