Assessment of Anxious Rearing Behaviors with a Modified Version of "Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran" Questionnaire for Children

This study examined the psychometric properties of a modified version of the EMBU for Children (EMBU-C), a 40-item questionnaire measuring youthsʹ perceptions of three main types of parental rearing (i.e., emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection) as well as anxious rearing behaviors. For this purpose, modified EMBU-C data were obtained in a large sample of children and adolescents (N = 1681). Results showed that the factor structure of the modified EMBU-C was satisfactory: a clear four-factor solution emerged representing the hypothesized types of parental rearing behaviors. Higher-order factor analysis demonstrated the presence of two superordinate dimensions of parental rearing, namely care and control. Furthermore, all modified EMBU-C scales appeared to be reliable in terms of internal consistency and test-retest stability. Finally, positive relationships were found between anxious rearing, overprotection, and rejection, on the one hand, and childrenʹs anxiety symptoms, on the other hand.