Mycotoxicosis in Swine: a Review

Mycotoxins are toxic substances resulting from the secondary metabolism of several strains of filamentous fungi, thereby lowering the immune system, facilitate the emergence of diseases, and reduce weight gain, leading to numerous reproductive and production losses. In tropical and subtropical climates such as Brazil, the fungal development is favored by several factors such as, excellent moisture and temperature conditions. The presumptive diagnosis of mycotoxicosis is based on observation of clinical signs of the intoxicated animals and analysis of environmental data relating to the collection and storage of cereals used in feed for pigs. The treatment presents a great challenge, and the removal of the contaminated food to the first measure to be adopted, improving the prognosis. The correct way of drying grain is the best way to avoid fungal growth and mycotoxin production. It is possible to detect fungi and aflatoxins in seeds monitored by sampling and biochemical tests, and tests used to establish acceptable limits for acceptance of products for import / export. The aim of this study was a literature review on the effects caused by mycotoxins in swine, symptoms, prevention methods and treatment. The recognition of problems caused by mycotoxins in food and feed is the first step to prevention and reduction of the problem, using methods for their removal or decontamination routine inspection, agricultural practices that prevent contamination and development of fungi to ensure raw good quality for making good food for the animals.