Simulating the all-order strong coupling expansion V: Ising gauge theory Original Research Article

We exactly rewrite the Z(2) lattice gauge theory with standard plaquette action as a random surface model equivalent to the untruncated set of its strong coupling graphs. We simulate such surfaces including Polyakov line defects that are moved by worm-type update steps. Our Monte Carlo algorithms for the graph ensemble are reasonably efficient but not free of critical slowing down. Polyakov line correlators can be measured in this approach with small relative errors that are independent of the separation. As a first application our results are confronted with effective string theory predictions. In addition, the excess free energy due to twisted boundary conditions becomes an easily accessible observable. Our numerical experiments are in three dimensions, but the method is expected to work in any dimension.