Spatial and temporal variabilities of pelagic fish community structure and distribution in Chesapeake Bay, USA

Spatio-temporal variability in assemblages of pelagic fish in Chesapeake Bay from 1995 to 2000 was documented based on midwater trawl surveys conducted three times annually (April, July, and October). Numerically dominant pelagic and benthopelagic fishes, 30–256mm TL, were included in the analysis. Species assemblages, diversity indices, biomass distributions, and a correspondence analysis revealed that physical forcing, primarily driven by freshwater input, shaped the structure of fish communities, both annually and regionally. But, seasonal succession occurred, with adults dominating in the spring and recruited juveniles dominating in the fall. The dominant species were bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), white perch (Morone americana), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), and Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus). Young-of-the-year (YOY) and age-1þ fish were concentrated in different regions and different seasons. A correspondence analysis showed that salinity was the most important environmental factor explaining annual differences in the upbay–downbay gradients in fish community structure. In 1997–2000, following a surge of freshwater input and nutrient loadings in 1996, October baywide fish biomass increased by 120% and mean baywide dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration below the pycnocline in summer decreased by 30%. These interannual variabilities in baywide fish biomass and mean DO suggest a relationship between bay plankton productivity and fish production. Species composition shifted markedly in 1996 when YOY and age-1+ anadromous fishes became dominant, but returned progressively in subsequent years to the usual structure in which bay anchovy and other polyhaline species were dominant.