Pattern and annual rates of Scrobicularia plana mercury bioaccumulation in a human induced mercury gradient (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal)

Due to the lack of knowledge regarding annual bioaccumulation rates in estuarine and marine fauna, the main aim of this work was to study the annual mercury bioaccumulation in the well-documented bivalve species Scrobicularia plana along a human induced mercury gradient in the Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon (Portugal) and in a nearby, non-polluted system (Mondego estuary), parallel to the risks associated with its consumption by humans. Minimum total mercury concentration was as low as 0.019 mg kg 1 (wwt) in 4þ year old organisms in the reference site, where a significant negative correlation ( p < 0.05) was found between total mercury concentrations and size, resulting in negative bioaccumulation rates (detoxification). On the other hand, values reached 1.8 mg kg 1 (wwt) in 3þ year old bivalves from the most contaminated area, where a strong positive correlation with size was found ( p < 0.01) and annual bioaccumulation rates were as high as 0.25 mg kg 1 yr 1. Annual bioaccumulation rates were highly correlated with suspended particulate matter mercury concentrations. Even though the levels of organic mercury contents increased parallel to the contamination gradient, at each sampling station, no increment was found with age, which corresponded to a decrease in organic mercury percentage with age. In terms of ecological management and public health, the ratio of 0.01 consistently found between Scrobicularia plana annual mercury accumulation rates and SPM mercury levels for most sites may permit to roughly estimate S. plana contamination of commercial sized individuals (>2.5 cm) and, if verified and confirmed in other systems, be used as a simple management tool.