A new formulation for load flow solution of power systems with series FACTS devices

This paper addresses the solution of load flow equations for a power system with series flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices. A novel formulation of equations using dual state variables (current magnitude and angle) and dual control variables (series injected real power and series voltage in quadrature with current) for series devices is proposed. These specifications can be related to transmission line loading and device limits. Specifications like power flow through a series device can also be handled using this formulation. The load flow equations are solved using Newton-Raphson technique. A decoupled formulation is also proposed. Case studies are carried out on IEEE test systems with several types of specifications to validate the method.