Benthic fluxes of cadmium, lead, copper and nitrogen species in the northern Adriatic Sea in front of the River Po outflow, Italy

Trace heavy metal Cd, Pb and Cu. and nitrogen species N-NO3, N-NO2 and N-NH4. fluxes between sediment and water were examined for approximately 4 days, in a coastal marine station located in the northern Adriatic Sea in front of the River Po outflow. An in situ benthic chamber, equipped with electronic devices for monitoring and adjustment of oxygen and pH and with a temperature detector, was used. The benthic chamber experiment enabled study of the temporal trend of metals and nutrients when oxygen concentration varied in a controlled environment. Although particular care was devoted to chamber deposition and parameter control, sediment resuspension occurred at the beginning of the experiment and O2 fluctuations were observed during the course of the experiment. Pb concentration was affected by both resuspension and oxic conditions in bottom water, which prevented determination of any reasonable Pb flux value. Cd and Cu, not influenced by oxygen fluctuations, reached an equilibrium phase in a short period with initial positive fluxes from sediment of 0.68 S.D.s0.07. and 6.9 S.D.s5.6. pmol cmy2 hy1, respectively. With regard to nitrogen species, the highest positive flux was that of N-NH4 10.5, S.D.s2.4, nmol cmy2 hy1. whose concentration increased in the chamber, while nitrate concentration initial flux of y5.7, S.D.s1.5, nmol cmy2 hy1. immediately decreased after the beginning of the experiment. Nitrite concentration was almost constant throughout the experiment and its flux was generally low initial flux 0.1, S.D.s0.9, nmol cmy2 hy1..