Orientalists and Contemporary Arabic novel: Factors vs. challenges facing Anthony Calderbank while translating this literary Genre

The contemporary Arabic fiction is very recent, with its pioneers Gibran and Nu’aymah assimilating and imitating the modernization of the west in the early 20th century. They dealt with social issues, political changes and the conflicting cultural values. The translation of Arabic short stories and novels by orientalists had taken place during the 1950’s.. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries world political events have attracted attention to Muslims and Arabs, who became the target of the world. These events created curiosity to tackle the Arabic literary works, mainly the novel since it depicts the social life. Anthony Calderbank is a British orientalist, who confronted linguistics as well as cultural hindrances while translating the Arabic Novel.