A study the 152-160Gd nuclei by the geometrical interacting boson model

One of the main objectives of the study of nuclear physics is to understand the structure of nuclei. Theoretically this structure is a result of interaction of many nucleons via an uncertain number of independent forces. However ,it is clear that great effort is required to deal with ,or overcome the difficulties in the determination of the behavior of all degrees of freedom of a dynamical system of such complexity ,or as a moderately heavy nucleus the alternative approach is to use certain approximations to overcome the problem (these approximations are called the nuclear models) , which use a simplified description of nuclei in terms of a number of parameters sufficiently small to provide a clear understanding of the nucleus .