سيمياء المواطنة في مطبوعات الأطفال الأدبيّة العمانية مجلة مرشد الأدبيّة للأطفال نموذجاً

نشانه شناسي مفهوم شهروندي در مجلات ادبي كودك عمان مطالعه موردي مجله ادبي كودك مرشد

آموزش شهروندي به سياست ها و برنامه هاي راهبردي بزرگي احتياج ندارد، بلكه به روش هاي آموزشي ساده و متناسب با روحيات كودك نياز دارد. يكي از اين روش ها استفاده از داستان­هاي هدفمند سرشار از ظرافت و سرگرمي و سودمندي است. از اين جا، به اهميت ادبيات كودك پي مي‌بريم، ادبياتي كه زمينه مناسبي را جهت رشد و توسعه رفتارهايي فراهم مي كند كه ارزش ها و مفاهيم شهروندي را افزايش داده و حس هويت را در كودك تعميق مي‌بخشد. اگر نگاهي گذرا به ادبيات كودك عُمان، داشته باشيم با نشريات مختلفي چون مجلات شعري، تئاتر ، داستان كوتاه، قصه هاي عاميانه و داستان هاي مصور روبر مي‌شويم كه همگي هدفمند مي‌باشند. از جمله اين نشريات مجله ادبي كودك بنام مرشد است كه پژوهشگران اين مقاله در پي رديابي نشانه­شناسي شهروندي و ارزش­هاي نهفته در محتويات آن مجله­اند. هدف اين تحقيق پاسخ به سؤالات زير است: 1: آيا محتواي ادبي مجله به اهداف تربيتي آموزش شهروندي پرداخته ؟ 2: تا چه اندازه اين اهداف در فصول ادبي مجله تامين شده است؟ بر اين اساس ،پژوهشگران براي تجزيه و تحليل و تعيين ابعاد آموزشي تربيتي مفهوم شهروندي وشاخصه هاي آن، نمونه‌هاي را به صورت تصادفي از مجله ادبي كودك مرشد در طول پنج سال انتشار انتخاب كردند. نتايج اين پژوهش حاكي از انعكاس عناصر شهروندي در سطوح مختلف فرهنگي، تاريخي، جغرافيايي، اجتماعي ديني و هنري متبني بر رفتارها وموضع‌گيري‌ها وانديشه‌هايي است كه مجله مرشد در ابواب مختلف خود به آن پرداخته است. نتايج نشان مي دهد كه تحقق بُعد شناخت فرهنگي با بُعد اجتماعي در فصول مجله برابر است، زيرا هر يك از آنها 29 درصد از كل ابعاد ديگر را به دست آورده اند، اين در حالي است كه بُعد وجداني باكسب 24درصد در مرتبه دوم قرار گرفت. اين امر نشان دهنده اهميت و توجه مجله به توسعه نگرش هاي وجداني، وارزش ها، و احساسات مثبت و غيره در بين خوانندگان كودك مي‌باشد. در حالي كه بُعد مهارتي با كسب 18 درصد در مرتبه سوم قرار گرفت،كه درصد كمي نيست، اما در مقايسه با آنچه مجلات ديگر كودك ، از قبيل فعاليت‌هاي مهارتي، وحركتي و فعاليت­هاي تحت اين محور براي كودكان ارائه مي دهند، بسيارخوب تلقي مي‌شود.

Citizenship education does not require complicated policies and strategies; rather, it needs simplified educational methods that are appropriate for the children in the society, and among these methods is the use of the mechanism of stories directed at children and tailored to them, which are filled with humor, fun, and interest. Here, we realize the importance of children’s literature, one that provides a good environment for the growth and development of behaviors that increase the values ​​and concepts of citizenship and deepen a sense of identity in the child. Through our review of Omani child literature, we find various publications directed at them such as poetry, plays, short stories, folk tales, and comics. One of these publications is the children’s literary magazine Murshid, which we chose as a sample for our study in this research. We will discuss tracking the path and process of the semiotics of citizenship and the values embedded in it. Based on these data and through the analytical method, the researchers attempt to answer the following questions: Firstly, does the magazine’s content touch the goals of citizenship education? Secondly, do the literary treatments of the magazine’s chapters highlight the concepts of citizenship? Thirdly, to what extent has this perspective been implemented throughout the magazine? Accordingly, the researchers chose a random sample of 15 issues of Murshid magazine distributed over the five years of the magazine’s life, so that they dealt with three issues for each year, to analyze them and determine the educational dimensions of the concept of citizenship and its indicators. The results of this study indicate the reflection of elements of citizenship at different levels of cultural, historical, geographical, social, religious and artistic based on behaviors, positions and ideas that Murshid magazine has addressed in its various chapters. The results show that the realization of the dimension of cultural cognition is equal to the social dimension in the chapters of the magazine, as each of them has achieved 29% of the total other dimensions, while the dimension of conscience with 24% was in the second place. This shows the importance and the attention of the magazine to the development of conscientious attitudes, values, positive emotions, etc., among child readers. While the skill dimension came in third with 18% (which is not a small percentage), it is considered a good share compared to what other magazines provide for children in terms of skills, movement and activities under this axis. Preparing the child to be the leader of tomorrow requires comprehensive development in all areas, especially the political, economic, scientific and social areas. Negligence in the optimal preparation of the child in recognizing the values ​​of citizenship and identity may lead the child in an unfavorable direction in his youth, and for this reason, attention should be paid to the aspects related to the formation of their initial and basic mentality, and this is highlighted by presenting scientific materials in accordance with their psychological characteristics at this stage. Literary materials such as stories, poems, plays and magazines are among the most important guides that can help in promoting the spirit of citizenship among children, especially as they are considered a written form of knowledge and this makes their impact more continuous and rooting for the ideas they contain. It should be pointed out that the elements of citizenship and its indicators, in addition to the importance of diversity, must be realistic, simple, appropriate, and directly related to the children’s environment, and hence vary between religious, cultural, geographical, environmental, linguistic, civil, historical, and technological indicators. Their simplification will make it easier for children to understand and memorize and, as a result, it will lead to their attachment to these stories and their continuous reading (Sharifa, 2015, Issue 11: 64). As a fertile stage, childhood requires attentive care. On the other hand, the impact of this stage – positive or negative – extends to all the following stages of development. Therefore, the present study attempted to shed lights on the semiotics of citizenship in the Omani children’s magazine Murshid, as an example, to identify its most prominent features and methods of processing and presenting these values to the child reader.