Adaptive Personalized e-Learning

This paper is a literature review of the two major types of e-learning: Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) and Adaptive Hypermedia Systems (AHS), describing the methodology for personalized courses, both online and offline, to customize instruction to the individualized needs of students. This review will compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of both systems using examples from examples from two applications: ELM-ART and AHA! Regarding the following international standards for e-learning from the ISO, IEEE, and ISSS: interoperability; portability, and usability.