A new dynamic model considering effects of temperature, pressure and internal resistance for PEM fuel cell power modules

Fuel cell (FC) power planets are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a reaction directly into the electrical energy .among of a various next-generation power planets ,FCs, especially the proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),are considered to be one of the promising energy sources due to high efficiency and are environment friendly[1]. There are several different types of fuel cells depending on the type of electrolyte materials used. Each fuel cells type has its own characteristics .to design control systems for fuel cells and to compensate its dynamic interactions with rest of the system ,it is necessary to have a reasonably accurate dynamic model .in fact ,there are several fuel cells models reported in the literature; generally speaking, the models can be categorized into two types ,theoretical models based on physical conservation laws and semiempirical models based on experiments