Modeling annealed proton-exchanged directional couplers with nonlinear diffusion theory

Author

Kissa, Karl

Author_Institution

Charles Stark Draper Lab. Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA

Volume

5

Issue

9

fYear

1993

Firstpage

1065

Lastpage

1067

Abstract

The coupling lengths of annealed proton exchanged directional couplers are calculated using a recently proposed nonlinear diffusion model and compared with experiment. The coupling lengths were predicted using the matrix effective refractive index (MERI) method and found to agree with experiment within measurement error for anneal times of 5 h. Some moderate amount of systematic error appears for longer anneal times; however, the new model is still far more accurate than the traditional linear diffusion model, which results in a large overestimation of the coupling length.<>

Keywords

directional couplers; integrated optics; ion exchange; optical couplers; optical waveguide theory; refractive index; 5 h; anneal times; annealed proton-exchanged directional couplers; coupling lengths; linear diffusion model; matrix effective refractive index; measurement error; nonlinear diffusion model; nonlinear diffusion theory; systematic error; Couplings; Directional couplers; Hydrogen; Measurement errors; Protons; Refractive index; Simulated annealing; Slabs; Symmetric matrices; Transmission line matrix methods;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

1041-1135

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/68.257193

Filename

257193