Modeling circuit breakers in weighted least squares state estimation

A new formulation is presented of the state estimation problem which finds applications in a range of data validation problems. On the theoretical side, the author generalizes and clarifies the concepts of state variables and observability analysis. The new formulation allows for solving of state estimation problems for networks in which the status of switching devices can be considered either closed or open or unknown. The new approach generalizes and is consistent with the ideas previously suggested for modeling zero impedance branches in power system state estimation