Ground Relaying Practices and Problems A Power System Relaying Committee Survey

This paper is based upon a questionnaire sent to 175 engineers in utility, manufacturing, and engineering companies to determine the practices and problems involved in the application and operation of relaying to detect ground faults on transmission, subtransmission, and distribution lines. The letter transmitting the questionnaire requested the engineers to refrain from doing research for the answers, since it was felt that they had a mental picture of their general problems which was sufficiently accurate for the broad classifications of the questionnaire. It is interesting to note that the practices in most categories are quite similar. The solution of ground relaying problems varied with a suggested trend toward distance ground relaying.