A Scalable 5–15 Gbps, 14–75 mW Low-Power I/O Transceiver in 65 nm CMOS

Author

Balamurugan, Ganesh ; Kennedy, Joseph ; Banerjee, Gaurab ; Jaussi, James E. ; Mansuri, Mozhgan ; Mahony, Frank O. ; Casper, Bryan ; Mooney, Randy

Author_Institution

Intel Corp., Hillsboro

Volume

43

Issue

4

fYear

2008

fDate

4/1/2008 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

1010

Lastpage

1019

Abstract

We present a scalable low-power I/O transceiver in 65 nm CMOS, capable of 5-15 Gbps operation over single-board and backplane FR4 channels with power efficiencies between 2.8-6.5 mW/Gbps. Nonlinear power-performance tradeoff is achieved by the use of scalable transceiver circuit blocks and joint optimization of the supply voltage, bias currents and driver power with data rate. Low-power operation is enabled by passive equalization through inductive link termination, active continuous-time RX equalization, global TX/RX clock distribution with on-die transmission lines, and low-noise offset-calibrated receivers.

Keywords

CMOS integrated circuits; low-power electronics; radio receivers; telecommunication channels; transceivers; transmission lines; CMOS; TX/RX clock distribution; active continuous-time RX equalization; backplane FR4 channel; bias currents; driver power; inductive link termination; low-noise offset-calibrated receiver; nonlinear power-performance tradeoff; on-die transmission lines; passive equalization; power 14 mW to 75 mW; scalable low-power I/O transceiver; scalable transceiver circuit; single-board channel; size 65 nm; supply voltage; Backplanes; Bandwidth; Clocks; Driver circuits; Energy management; Microprocessors; Power dissipation; Power system management; Transceivers; Voltage; Electrical signaling; I/O power optimization; high-speed I/O; inductive termination; low-power I/O; low-power equalization; passive clock distribution; power-efficient links; scalable circuits;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9200

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/JSSC.2008.917522

Filename

4476478