The Economics of Direct Control of Residential Loads on the Design and Operation of the Distribution System Part II Load Characteristics

This paper is the second of a series of three papers which addresses the economics and effects of controlling central air conditioning, water heating, and service voltage on the design and operation of the energy delivery system. Various load control strategies are described which benefit the system generation and T& D system. A unique approach is developed to measure the load reductions and recovery loads of central air conditioning (A/C) and the test data collected over a four-year period is displayed for four different control periods and five different ambient temperature ranges. The thermal response of customers´ homes is quantified for the A/C control periods. This paper also summarizes the electric water heater controlled and uncontrolled load characteristics for the many control strategies tested. Circuit and customer voltage profiles are portrayed for the summer and winter seasons along with the percent changes in real and reactive power for changes in customer service voltage.