Integrated circuit techniques

During the past twenty years, integrated circuit technology has progressed by leaps and bounds. It is difficult to summarize the progress in one paper. Any attempt to do so will result in an out-of-date paper by stop-press time. This paper, will describe some basic circuit techniques for integrated circuits and some high lights of the past twenty years, hoping that such a report will "stimulate new knowledge by studying the old art".-Confucius.