Scattering Equivalent Circuits for Common Symmetrical Junctions

A novel form of equivalent circuit is presented for the symmetric two-port, the shunt- junction, the hybrid- junction, and certain directional couplers. These circuits are derived from symmetry properties of the scattering matrix and represent simplifications in that one and two-ports interconnected by ideal hybrid junctions replace the corresponding multiport junctions. The term "scattering equivalent circuit" is employed principally because it is possible to trace incident and reflected waves through this internal structure. The circuit form is based on symmetry considerations and therefore essentially independent of the frequency. The equivalent circuits are conveniently tabulated, and their properties discussed in sections independent of those dealing with their derivation. Examples of application are given.