Calculable Physical Impedance References in Automated Precision Reflection Measurement

Precision coaxial airlines and waveguides are used as in-situ impedance standards for reflection measurement over extremely wide frequency spans. Tedious visual data interpretation is replaced by digital data reduction. Intrinsic limitations of bridges or directional couplers are virtualy eliminated. UHF-through-millimeter measurements can be made witb reflection-coefficient accuracy limits of 3-30 × 10-4 depending on the physical tolerances of the reference lines.