Exact BER computation for cross QAM constellations

Author

Vitthaladevuni, Pavan Kumar ; Alouini, Mohamed-Slim ; Kieffer, John C.

Author_Institution

Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA, USA

Volume

4

Issue

6

fYear

2005

Firstpage

3039

Lastpage

3050

Abstract

When the number of bits per symbol is odd, the peak and average power of transmission can be reduced by using cross quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs) instead of rectangular QAMs. However, since perfect Gray coding is not possible for cross QAMs, using Smith-style Gray coding, this paper derives the exact bit error rate (BER) for cross QAM constellations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels.

Keywords

AWGN channels; Gray codes; Rayleigh channels; channel coding; error statistics; quadrature amplitude modulation; BER; Rayleigh fading channels; Smith-style Gray coding; additive white Gaussian noise channels; bit error rate; cross QAM constellations; quadrature amplitude modulations; AWGN; Additive white noise; Bit error rate; Communication system control; Control systems; Error analysis; Fading; Intelligent transportation systems; Process control; Quadrature amplitude modulation; Bit error rate; cross quadrature amplitude modulation; gray penalty; outage probability; rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation; square quadrature amplitude modulation;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

1536-1276

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/TWC.2005.857997

Filename

1545878