Multiple-quadrant Luo-converters

Classical DC-DC converters usually perform in single quadrant operation. They do not satisfy the requirement for multiple-quadrant operation in some industrial applications. e.g. where a DC motor runs forward and reverse in motoring and regenerative braking states. Three new converters are introduced that can perform two- and four-quadrant DC-DC conversion. Because these converters implement dual-direction energy transfer, they are second-generation DC-DC converters. Simulation and experimental results verify their characteristics.