Improved multi-stage clustering-based blind equalisation

A new blind equalisation algorithm is presented for multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation schemes. The presented technique provides faster convergence and improved performance in terms of mean square error, which is demonstrated through various simulations. A mathematical analysis is also presented for the steady-state mean square error, which verifies the better performance of the proposed scheme over the conventional ones. The performance is also compared on the basis of inter-symbol interference metric. A computationally efficient implementation of the proposed algorithm is also presented. Simulations are done with various types of fading channels ranging from highly degrading Hoyt fading channels to moderate Rayleigh fading channels.