Network equivalents of nodal and edge elements in electromagnetics

The paper analyzes the analogies between nodal/edge formulations of finite elements and nodal/loop (mesh) descriptions of network models of electromagnetic fields containing eddy and displacement currents. Both scalar and vector potentials are used. Two types of graphs are introduced: 1) for nodal elements; and 2) for edge elements. It is noted that edge values of potentials A and T are represented by loop quantities in graphs 2). Branch parameters such as reluctances, branch impedances and sources are described. Finally, coupled networks are discussed mixing A-V, Ω-T, and A-T models