Some interconnected-system operating problems

This paper outlines the advantages and disadvantages of an interconnected system consisting of steam and hydroelectric stations. Investment costs are materially reduced because of less reserve capacity being required to insure continuous service. More efficient operation of generating units is possible and operating costs are reduced. Electrical disturbances are magnified and large generating stations must be located near the heaviest load centers so that the system may be split up to localize disturbances. A well-trained corps of load despatchers must be available and they must be fully informed of all conditions on the system which may affect operation.