DocumentCode
1284346
Title
Dependence of refractive index on hydrogen concentration in proton exchanged LiNbO3
Author
Howerton, Marta McWright ; Burns, William K. ; Skeath, Perry R. ; Greenblatt, Arthur S.
Author_Institution
Sachs Freeman Associates, Landover, MD, USA
Volume
27
Issue
3
fYear
1991
fDate
3/1/1991 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage
593
Lastpage
601
Abstract
The nonlinear relationship between refractive index and hydrogen concentration has been experimentally determined for proton exchanged LiNbO3, incorporating the effects of partial and full annealing. Complete annealing results in low-loss waveguides in the alpha phase with small surface index changes (⩽0.02). The anneal conditions needed to reach the alpha phase can be estimated using the measured temperature dependence of the anneal diffusion coefficient. A model is presented which attributes the index change in the alpha phase to the addition of hydrogen and the loss of lithium, which is consistent with experimental results
Keywords
annealing; hydrogen; integrated optics; ion exchange; lithium compounds; optical losses; optical waveguides; refractive index; LiNbO3:H+; alpha phase; anneal diffusion coefficient; annealing; hydrogen concentration; low-loss waveguides; nonlinear relationship; proton exchanged LiNbO3; refractive index; small surface index changes; temperature dependence; Annealing; Hydrogen; Phase estimation; Phase measurement; Protons; Refractive index; Surface waves; Temperature dependence; Temperature measurement; Waveguide transitions;
fLanguage
English
Journal_Title
Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
Publisher
ieee
ISSN
0018-9197
Type
jour
DOI
10.1109/3.81368
Filename
81368
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