Hierarchical symbolic analysis of analog integrated circuits via determinant decision diagrams

A new method is proposed for hierarchical symbolic analysis of large analog integrated circuits. It consists of performing symbolic suppression of each subcircuit to its terminals in terms of subcircuit matrix determinants and cofactors, and applying Cramer´s rule to symbolically solve the set of equations at the top level of the circuit hierarchy. An annotated, directed, and acyclic graph, called determinant decision diagram (DDD), is used to represent symbolic determinants of subcircuit matrices and cofactors used in subcircuit suppression, as well as symbolic determinants of the top-level circuit matrix and cofactors required in applying Cramer´s rule. DDD enables us to systematically exploit the inherent sparsity of circuit matrices and the sharing of symbolic expressions. It is capable of representing a huge number of symbolic product terms in a canonical and highly compact manner. The proposed method is illustrated using a Cauer parameter low-pass filter. It has been implemented in a symbolic analyzer and compared to best-known hierarchical symbolic analyzer SCAPP and numerical simulator SPICE. Experimental results on several analog circuits including the μA741 operational amplifier - a circuit with less structural regularities - are described