Efficient macro mobility management for GPRS IP networks

Mobile IP has several inefficiencies, and was not originally designed for situations where both peers are highly mobile. We present a mobility management solution that retains compatibility with existing Internet protocols, whilst increasing the efficiency of communications between two GPRS mobile hosts. Our proposal eradicates triangle routing and minimizes handover latency. We show by numerical analysis that the routing optimization improves the performance of TCP controlled data flows, reducing buffering requirements and minimizing the recovery time after a handover occurs.