Sub-baud coding: James L. Massey and early research on sequences for spread spectrum

During his long and illustrious research career, James L. Massey (1934-2013) devoted his attention to spread-spectrum communications very infrequently and then only for brief periods of time. In a short summer study for NASA in 1969, he obtained several results on the analysis and design of sequences for direct-sequence spread-spectrum communications. These results were not published as journal articles though two conference presentations were made. In this paper, we present a survey of what was discovered, what was presented, what was published, and how all this influenced our own research on spread-spectrum communications.